The Roman sandal discovered at the bottom of a well in Spain. (Image credit: Esperanza Martín Hernández)

Thousands of years ago, a person was cleaning out a well in Roman Spain when one of their leather sandals slipped off their foot. Now, 2,000 years later, archaeologists have found the well cleaner’s missing shoe.

Archaeologists made the discovery this summer while excavating a Roman settlement in northern Spain known as Lucus Asturum (modern-day Lugo de Llanera). With the help of a pulley system, researchers safely accessed the depths of the stone-lined well, finding the elaborately decorated Roman sandal submerged in mud about 10 feet (3 meters) below ground level, according to El País, a daily newspaper in Spain.

Researchers were impressed with the shoe’s craftsmanship and level of detail, especially on its sole, which is “decorated with a profusion of circles, loops, ovals and other motifs and is made of a dark brown leather,” Esperanza Martín Hernández, the principal archaeologist at Dolabra Arqueológica who led the excavation, told Live Science in an email. “The front of the shoe shows the negative stitching.”

Thanks to the well’s abundance of mud, the sandal was well preserved, which is a rarity in this region, especially for an item made of organic materials such as leather.

“In [Spain] and in the rest of the Roman Empire, it is really rare to find the circumstances for the preservation of organic material in such good condition,” she said. “In this case we are dealing with a well for the water consumption of a private house, and the reason for its excellent preservation is due to the anaerobic state of the deposit. All the organic materials have remained intact for 2,000 years thanks precisely to this lack of oxygen.”

A view looking down into the well where the sandal was discovered.  (Image credit: Esperanza Martín Hernánde

During the first and second centuries A.D., Lucus Asturum was known as a communications hub and administrative center and was also where the Greek astronomer, mathematician and geographer Ptolemy wrote his seminal work “Geography,” according to El País.

Other notable artifacts found in the well included ceramic jars, seeds, nuts, shells, a small metal ring, a necklace, beads and a bronze vessel, Martín Hernández said.

“We were also fortunate enough to recover several of the house’s landfill sites, so that we now have a complete knowledge of its household goods: glass crockery, Gallic and Hispanic sigillata [tableware], fine South Gallic thin-walled-pottery, refractory dishes, common ware, local ceramics, jewelry, coins and working tools,” she said. “In short, almost everything that allows us to make a good reconstruction of what this house must have been like in the early imperial period.”

Although archaeologists don’t yet know who the exact inhabitants of the home were, Martín Hernández thinks that “we are dealing with people with a high level of purchasing power, as the materials we are recovering show a high level of commerce.”